COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SANITATION FACILITIES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES DURING AND AFTER-PANDEMIC IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
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Abstract
Inaccessibility to sanitation facilities and poor hygiene practices are major challenges faced by residents of cities in developing countries. Sanitation issue became critical during the COVID-19 pandemic due to current situation of facility and hygiene behaviour in most cities of developing nations. Improvement in sanitation facilities and hygiene practices were noticeable during the COVID-19. However, studies that explore the sanitation facility and hygiene behaviour during and after the COVID-19 are scanty in literature. This study compared the residents’ sanitation facilities and hygiene practices during and after COVID-19 pandemic periods using residents’ perceptual data according to residential densities. The study area was stratified into three residential densities, namely: low, medium, and high. Google Earth was utilized to determine the total number of buildings (3,233) in the selected neighborhoods. Using a systematic sampling technique, 195 buildings (6%) were selected for questionnaire administration. Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, ANOVA, and Likert scale. The residents’ assessment of the adequacy of sanitation facilities was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic (mean Sanitation Facility Index (SFI) = 4.06) compared to the post-COVID-19 period (mean SFI = 2.93). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed a statistically significant difference in residents’ sanitation practices during the COVID-19 period (F (2,33) = 4.019, p = .027). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in sanitation practices across residential densities in the post-COVID-19 period (F(2,33) = 2.726, p = .080). These findings indicated the decline in sanitation practices and the inadequacy of sanitation facilities in the post-pandemic context across urban residential densities in Nigeria.
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