INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC ELEMENTS ON THE INCIDENCE OF MALARIA, MEASLES, MENINGITIS, AND PNEUMONIA IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT)
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Abstract
The impact of climate variability on human health is a subject of global concern. Climatic and weather conditions, along with other factors, influence the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. Global temperatures are rising, and weather events are becoming more intense, affecting the dynamics of these diseases. This study explores the relationship between climatic elements and the incidence of malaria, measles, meningitis, and pneumonia in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The research used secondary data from hospitals and meteorological stations, analyzed using SPSS version 25. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify significant climatic influences on disease incidence. The results reveal that malaria incidence has a strong positive correlation with rainfall (81.62%) and relative humidity (76.55%), while it has a very strong negative correlation (-92.28%) with maximum temperature. Measles incidence shows a positive correlation with maximum temperature (84.32%). Meningitis also has a positive correlation with maximum temperature (82%). Pneumonia showed negative correlation relationships with sunshine (26%) and maximum temperature (27%). The study concludes that climatic elements significantly influence the occurrence and seasonal patterns of these diseases in FCT. Recommendations include constructing drainages, promoting the use of treated nets and preventive drugs, encouraging vaccination, and investing in climate change awareness and health education.
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