Application and Assessment of Nature-Based Solution (Bamboo) as a Low-Cost Management Strategy for Gully-Impacted Sites in Anambra State, Nigeria

Abstract

Gully erosion represents one of the most severe environmental challenges in southeastern Nigeria, particularly in Anambra State, where intense rainfall, fragile soil structure, and anthropogenic activities accelerate land degradation. Conventional erosion control measures such as concrete retaining walls and engineered drainage systems are often expensive and difficult to implement in rural communities. This study evaluates the effectiveness of bamboo as a low-cost and locally available material for stabilizing gully-impacted sites. Using an experimental method, bamboo was applied in two forms: as infiltration pipes to channel surface runoff into the soil and as crib/retaining walls to reduce channel expansion and erosive force. Field measurements were conducted at the control point and the bamboo-installed point (treatment) to determine changes in rainwater runoff flow rate, infiltration capacity, and gully channel expansion rate. Statistical analysis using paired sample comparison indicated a significant reduction in runoff flow rate (32.7% reduction) after the introduction of bamboo infiltration pipes, while infiltration rates increased considerably (124.7% increase). Similarly, the installation of bamboo crib walls resulted in a measurable reduction of 53.2% in channel expansion and erosivity. The results demonstrate that bamboo-based interventions can effectively reduce surface runoff, enhance infiltration, and stabilize gully walls. The study concludes that bamboo offers a sustainable, affordable, and environmentally friendly strategy for gully erosion control in vulnerable areas of Anambra State and similar tropical environments. Government agencies and affected communities should promote bamboo-based erosion control methods in erosion-prone areas of the state. Bamboo is easily sourced, and early implementation of control measures would forestall further damage and destruction usually associated with gully-impacted sites.