AN EVALUATION OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY ATRAYFIELD RESORT, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

Main Article Content

Tina O. Iirmdu
Chinedu J. Anyamele
Abigail O. Ukah
Leonard S. Bombom

Abstract

This study investigated customer satisfaction at Rayfield Tourism Resort, a prominent touristdestination in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combiningliterature review, direct field observation, structured oral interviews, and questionnairesadministered to 120 visitors. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling based on theirattendance at the resort during the study period. Data were analyzed using descriptive statisticaltechniques. Findings revealed a mixed assessment of the resort’s performance. Seventy-five percent of respondents expressed strong appreciation for the resort’s natural beauty, tranquilatmosphere, and picturesque landscape, underscoring the importance of environmental aestheticsin leisure tourism. Similarly, 68% reported satisfaction with staff friendliness and professionalism,highlighting the role of frontline employees in shaping visitor experiences. However, significantdeficiencies were identified in service delivery and infrastructure. Sixty per cent of surveyedtourists expressed dissatisfaction with the state of physical amenities, describing them asinadequate or poorly maintained. The study concludes that Rayfield Tourism Resort’s inadequatefacilities management and substandard service provision reduce visitor satisfaction and limit itscompetitiveness. It recommends urgent investment in upgrading existing amenities, expandingrecreational activities, and improving sanitary conditions to align with international hospitalitystandards. Strengthening infrastructure and service delivery will enhance customer satisfaction,attract a larger tourist base, reinforce the resort’s reputation, and contribute meaningfully totourism development in Plateau State and Nigeria.

Article Details

How to Cite
Iirmdu, T. O., Anyamele, C. J., Ukah, A. O., & Bombom, L. S. (2025). AN EVALUATION OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY ATRAYFIELD RESORT, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES, 7(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18274185
Section
Research Articles
Author Biographies

Tina O. Iirmdu, University of Jos

Department of Geography and Planning

Chinedu J. Anyamele, University of Jos

Department of Geography and Planning

Abigail O. Ukah, University of Jos

Department of Geography and Planning

Leonard S. Bombom, University of Jos

Department of Geography and Planning

References

Adebayo, R. A., & Ojo, S. O. (2021). Youth tourism and domestic travel preferences in Nigeria. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(4), 1234–1249.

Adedayo, O. F. (2007): Heritage management and site conservation of Osun Grove Nigeria. Heritage Journal of the National Commission of Museums and Monuments, 16, 76 - 86.

Alao, O., & Ibrahim, H. (2023). Plateau bears scars of tin mining. Daily Trust, July 3. Earth Journalism Network (2023). Decades after mining ceased, communities in Plateau State still suffer environmental impacts—Part 1.

Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. M. (2003). Measuring tourist satisfaction with Kenya’s wildlife safari: A case study of Tsavo West National Park. Tourism Management, 24(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00044-4

Akintunde, E. A., Oyewopo, E. O., Bombom, L. S., Nyango, K. C., & Maton, S. M. (2022). Distribution and Uses of Mine Ponds in Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. African Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2(1), 66-78.

Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science,12(2), 125–143.

Aniah, E. J., Eja, E. I., Otu, J. E., & Ushie, M.A. (2008). Resort potentials as a strategy for sustainable tourism development in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(2),73 - 79.

Anyamele, C. J., Iirmdu, T. O., Abigail, U. O.,Nyango, K. C., Monday, S. N., & Yakubu, C.K. (2025). Social media and the changing patterns of recreational engagement among university students. International Journal of Advanced Mass Communication and Journalism, 6(2), 53–60.

Barriga Ávila, M.J. & Galán-Casado, D.(2025). Leisure in Prisons: Fostering Well-Being, Social Reintegration, and Personal Development. In: Ronda, L., Azanza, G.,Mujika-Alberdi, A. (eds) Leisure and Human Development. Human Well-Being Research and Policy Making. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90778-4_1

Bitner, M. J., & Hubbert, A. R. (1994). Encounter satisfaction versus overall satisfaction versus quality. In R. T. Rust & R.L. Oliver (Eds.), Service quality: New directions in theory and practice (pp. 72–94).Sage Publications.

Cooper, C., John, F., David, G. & Stephen, W.(2008): Tourism Practice and Principles.Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate,Harlow, England.

Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D.,& Wanhill, S. (2020). Tourism: Principles and practice (6th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Crompton, J. L & Love, l. L. (1995): The Predictive Validity of Alternative Approaches to Evaluating Quality of Festivals. Journal of Travel Research, 34 (11), 11-24.

Cronin, J. & Mackey, K. J. (1992): Measuring Service Quality: An Examination and Extension. Journal of Marketing. 56, 125-131.

Deegan, J. & Dineen, A. D. (1997). Tourism policy and performances: the Irish Experience. Cambridge University Press, U.K. Pp 129-155.

Dimaro, M. E. (2023). Service quality for customers’ satisfaction: A literature review.European Modern Studies Journal, 7(1), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(1).2023.24

Eja, E. I., Otu, J. E., & Ugal, D. B. (2012). Tourism development and the environment in Nigeria: The case of Obudu Mountain Resort. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences,4(3), 43–49.

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S.(2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.Etudaiye, A. E., Sani, A. N., Bala, M. I., Sada,M. B., & Hyelkuzuku, A. M. (2024).Sustainable tourism practices and critical regionalism: A case study of recreation and resort projects in Nigeria. Journal of The Nigerian Institute of Architects, 3(1), 1–13.

Eziashi, C.A (2000). Harnessing the MinePonds of Plateau for Rural Development. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 65-72.

Győri, F., & Balogh, L. (2017). Rethinking the relationship between sport, recreation and tourism. In Leisure, Health and Well-Being(pp. 121–133). Springer.

Han, J., Zuo, Y., Law, R., & Chen, S. (2021).Service quality in tourism public health: Trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 731279.

Hudson, S., & Hudson, L. (2013). Customer service for hospitality and tourism (2nd ed.). Goodfellow Publishers.

Huh, J. (2002): Tourist Satisfaction with Cultural Heritage Site: The Virginia Triangle, Unpublished M.sc Thesis Presented at the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Ibhafidon, A., Oforka, O. K., Onuzulike, N. M.,& Nwaobiala, C. J. (2025). Recreation and its health benefits: A critical review. International Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education, 6(2), 45–58.

Iirmdu, T. O., Anyamele, C. J. & Bombom, L.S. (2025). Olumo Rock Tourist Complex: Management lessons for Plateau State, Nigeria.Plateau Journal of Environmental Sciences,1(2), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15516663

Ijeomah, H. M., Alarape, A. A., & Ogogo, A.U. (2011). Ecotourism potentials of Plateau State, Nigeria: A monitoring survey. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2),153–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2011.556338

Johansson, M., Hartig, t., Frank, J. & Flykt, A.(2025). Wildlife and public perception of opportunities for psychological restoral in local settings. British Ecological Society People and Nature, 6(2), 800-817.

Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques (2nd ed.). New Age International.

Kozak, M & Rimmington, M (2000): Tourist’s satisfaction with Mall Orca, Spain as an off-season holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 260-269.

Laka, Isaac S. (2025). Plateau State, Nigeria and Rayfield Tourism Resort, Jos. GIS Lab.Unpublished.

Lateef, I. S & Olajide, A. (2013): Assessment of Tourists’ satisfaction with Osun Osogbo cultural tourism festival. Journal of Research in Tourism, 4, 15-26.

Lee, J., Graefe, A. R., & Burns, R. C. (2004).Service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intention among forest visitors. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7(1), 73-82.

Mandić, A., Vengesayi, S., & Jin, X. (2018). Elements of tourist facilities and their importance for visitor satisfaction. Tourism Review, 73(2), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02-2017-0030

Mohammed, M. S., Ibrahim, W. M., & Abubakar, A. (2022). An appraisal of ecotourism potential in Jos Plateau, Plateau State, Nigeria. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(2), 45–58

Odey, M. O., & Essang, F. F. (2020). Facility management and sustainable tourism in developing economies: A study of selected tourist sites in Nigeria. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(6), 125–136.

Okonkwo, E. U., & Eze, B. E. (2020). Occupational structure and satisfaction levels among domestic tourists in Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Tourism Studies and Research,12(1), 88–101.

Oliver, R. L. (1980): A Cognitive Model for the Antecedent and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 27,460 – 469.

Ong, A. K. S., Antonio, J. C., Anduyo, D. A.F., Oabel, S. M. L., San Miguel, J. F. N.,Rendon, E. R. A., & Rosete, C. J. M. (2024). Analysis of actual visitation to amusement parks and recreational facilities. Societies,14(9), 160.https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090160

Page, S. J., & Connell, J. (2014). Tourism: A Modern Synthesis (4th ed.). Cengage Learning.ISBN: 9781408060572

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A.,Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K.(2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544.

Parr, M., & Lashua, B. (2020). Leisure and fun: Reconsidering definitions of recreation in contemporary society. Leisure Studies, 39(2),241–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1725149

Philip, G. & Hezlett, S. A. (1996): The measurement of service quality: a new P.C.P attributes model. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 14 (3)260-288.

Plotnicov, I. (1970). Centenary history of Plateau State (1914-2014). Historical Review.

Putri, Y. E., & Ingtiyas, F. T. (2020). The effect of tourist facilities on visitor satisfaction in tourist attractions in Pamutusan Island, Bungus West Sumatra. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of Engineering and Implementation on Vocational Education (ACEIVE 2019). EAI. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-11-2019.2293284

Rogerson, C. M., & Rogerson, J. M. (2019). Tourism, local economic development and inclusion: Evidence from Overstrand Local Municipality, South Africa. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 25(2), 293–308.

Saragih, A., Putro, P., & Sihombing, H. S.(2023). The effect of tourism facilities and service quality on return intention through visitor satisfaction. Indonesian Science Conference on Business, Economics, And Management (ISC-BEAM). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384156732_The_Effect_of_Tourism_Facilities_and_Service_Quality_on_Return_Intention_through_Visitor_Satisfaction

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A.(2019). Research methods for business students(8th ed.). Pearson Education.

Sezen, İ., Göktuğ, T. H., & Esma Yıkılmaz, B.A. (2019). Satisfaction analysis of recreational quality of Erciyes Mountain Ski Centre. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 4(1), 1–10.

Springer, L. (2021). Leisure: Definitions,trends, and policy implications. Population Research and Policy Review, 40(5), 1123–1145.

Sulkaisi, N., Idris, F. S., & Irwan. (2021). The effect of service quality on tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty. In Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Economic Research and Management Innovation (ERMI2021) (pp. 1–7). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210218.001

UNWTO. (2023). World tourism barometer and statistical annex, volume 21. United Nations World Tourism Organization. https://www.unwto.org/statistics

Veal, A. J. (2017a). Leisure, sport and tourism, politics, policy and planning (4th ed.). CABI.

Veal, A. J. (2017b). Research methods for leisure and tourism (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

Wapwera, S. D., Azi, M. B., Akolo, J. N.,Timlok, W. T., Shehu, P., & Bulus, J. A. (2023). The impact of recreational facilities on residents of Jos North LGA. Bokkos Journal of Science Report, 2(2), 13–29.

Yalwa, T. R., & Samuel, Y. (2023). Landscapes and landforms of the Jos Plateau. In I. O.Ayanlade (Ed.), Landscapes and Landforms of Nigeria (pp. 145–159).

Springer., Cham.Ye, S., Wu, J. S. & Zheng, C. J. (2019). Are tourists with higher expectation more sensitive to service performance? Evidence from urban tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.01.002

Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D.D. (2006). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.