Spatial Analysis of Noise Exposure from Commercial Music Shops in Jos South LGA

Abstract

Environmental noise pollution is an increasing public health concern in urban environments. This study assessed the spatial distribution of noise exposure from music shops in Jos South Local Government Area, Nigeria, and examined its public health implications. Data were collected from 120 respondents using questionnaires and field-based sound level measurements at 15 music shop locations across five distance intervals (0–20 m). Noise measurements were obtained during morning, afternoon, and evening periods over two consecutive weekdays. Descriptive statistics, GIS-based analyses, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation, second-order trend surface modelling, residual analysis, and linear regression were used in the analyses. Results revealed extremely high noise levels at source points (mean = 109.13 dB), decreasing with distance but remaining above the recommended 55 dB limit at 20 m. IDW interpolation showed substantial spatial variability (104.8–113.2 dB), with pronounced noise hotspots in areas characterized by dense clusters of music shops. Trend surface analysis identified a broad spatial gradient in noise distribution, while residual mapping revealed localized hotspots and quieter zones associated with site-specific anthropogenic activities. Regression analysis demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between distance and noise intensity (R² = 0.975). Respondents reported disruption of communication, reduced concentration, and interference with daily activities, whereas awareness of noise regulations was generally low. The study concludes that music shops are major contributors to urban noise pollution and pose significant public health risks. It recommends stricter enforcement of noise regulations, increased public awareness, and the integration of noise control measures into urban planning and environmental management strategies.